{"podcast":{"title":"Why Catholic?","slug":"why-catholic-5610697","podcast_index_feed_id":5610697,"rss_url":"https://api.substack.com/feed/podcast/1013538.rss","website_url":"https://whycatholic.substack.com/podcast","image_url":"https://substackcdn.com/feed/podcast/1013538/6bfeb1170a65ea8999a27e86835ad010.jpg","author":"Justin Hibbard","episode_count":187,"summary":"A podcast that dives into the what and why of Catholicism with Justin Hibbard","last_synced_at":"2026-07-16T08:17:06.299952+00:00","page_url":"https://stenobird.com/podcast/why-catholic-5610697"},"episode":{"title":"#175 - Reflections on the 21 Ecumenical Councils","slug":"175-reflections-on-the-21-ecumenical-councils","published_at":"2026-04-14T11:00:00+00:00","page_url":"https://stenobird.com/podcast/why-catholic-5610697/175-reflections-on-the-21-ecumenical-councils","show_page_url":"https://stenobird.com/podcast/why-catholic-5610697","url":"https://whycatholic.substack.com/p/175","audio_url":"https://api.substack.com/feed/podcast/194121450/1cf76f87c6fb98d6fcadca1c374e359b.mp3","summary":"Justin Hibbard reflects on the 21 Ecumenical Councils with 6 lessons learned. What is the point of an ecumenical council? How did geopolitics play a role in these councils? What do these councils teach us about the problem of schism? How do these councils speak to the Catholic Church being the historic, true church? What’s the relationship between some of the councils and the crusades? And what is our responsibility today with respect to these councils? SOCIAL LINKS * Follow Why Catholic on Instagram. * Subscribe to Why Catholic on YouTube. * Follow Justin on Facebook. PREVIOUS EPISODES IN THIS SERIES * Episode 146: Introduction to the 21 Ecumenical Councils * Episode 147: The World that Led to the Council of Nicaea * Episode 148: The First Council of Nicaea (325) * Episode 149: From Nicaea to Constantinople * Episode 150: The First Council of Constantinople (381) * Episode 151: The Council of Ephesus (431) * Episode 152: The Council of Chalcedon (451) * Episode 153: The Second Council of Constantinople (553) * Episode 154: War Among the Monotheists * Episode 155: The Third Council of Constantinople (680-681) * Episode 156: The Second Council of Nicaea (787) * Episode 157: Reflections on the First Seven Ecumenical Councils * Episode 158: The Fourth Council of Constantinople (869-870) * Episode 159: The Great Schism * Episode 160: The First Lateran Council (1123) * Episode 161: The Second Lateran Council (1139) * Episode 162: The Third Lateran Council (1179) * Episode 163: The Fourth Lateran Council (1215) * Episode 164: The First Council of Lyon (1245) * Episode 165: The Second Council of Lyon (1274) * Episode 166: The Council of Vienne (1311-1312) * Episode 167: The Avignon Papacy & The Great Western Schism * Episode 168: The Council of Constance (1414-1418) * Episode…","meta_description":"Justin Hibbard reflects on the 21 Ecumenical Councils with 6 lessons learned. What is the point of an ecumenical council? How did geopolitics play a role…","key_points":[],"chapters":[],"topics":[],"duration_seconds":1176,"processing_state":"not_requested","actions":[{"name":"request_transcript","method":"POST","url":"https://stenobird.com/v1/public/podcasts/why-catholic-5610697/episodes/175-reflections-on-the-21-ecumenical-councils/transcription-requests","description":"Idempotently request low-priority transcript generation for this episode."},{"name":"read_markdown","method":"GET","url":"https://stenobird.com/podcast/why-catholic-5610697/175-reflections-on-the-21-ecumenical-councils.md","description":"Read the agent-friendly Markdown representation of this episode resource."}]}}