{"podcast":{"title":"The IR thinker","slug":"the-ir-thinker-6691770","podcast_index_feed_id":6691770,"rss_url":"https://feeds.acast.com/public/shows/655776911a7d7e0012cbc914","website_url":"https://shows.acast.com/irthinker","image_url":"https://assets.pippa.io/shows/cover/1700230788592-f97a89c769205262be6d5629fc306022.jpeg","author":"Martin Zubko","episode_count":122,"summary":"The IR thinker features in-depth interviews with leading experts in international relations. The IR thinker is an independent, non-partisan and non-aligned platform. It hosts a wide range of perspectives on international relations but does not endorse any political party, government or ideological position. Since its first episode in 2023, The IR thinker has produced more than 100 episodes as a pro bono initiative established by Martin Zubko, an international relations scholar and lecturer. Available on YouTube, Apple Podcasts, Spotify and Amazon Music. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.","last_synced_at":null,"page_url":"https://stenobird.com/podcast/the-ir-thinker-6691770"},"episode":{"title":"Contemporary Meaning of Nuclear Weapons - Stephen Herzog | 2025 Episode 27","slug":"contemporary-meaning-of-nuclear-weapons-stephen-herzog-2025-episode-27","published_at":"2025-11-16T21:21:38+00:00","page_url":"https://stenobird.com/podcast/the-ir-thinker-6691770/contemporary-meaning-of-nuclear-weapons-stephen-herzog-2025-episode-27","show_page_url":"https://stenobird.com/podcast/the-ir-thinker-6691770","url":"https://www.irthinker.com/contemporary-meaning-of-nuclear-weapons-stephen-herzog","audio_url":"https://sphinx.acast.com/p/open/s/655776911a7d7e0012cbc914/e/691a4062e42e3466f2db596e/media.mp3","summary":"This episode of  The IR thinker  offers a clear and structured tour of contemporary nuclear strategy with Dr Stephen Herzog, moving from the basic categories of nuclear weapons to the political struggles surrounding their control. We unpack the logic of existential and extended deterrence, alliance commitments and escalation management, and examine how arms control agreements and the Non-Proliferation Treaty sustain, yet also entrench, a great power nuclear monopoly. The conversation tackles aspirant nuclear states, debates over “how many is enough”, and the tension between confidence and overconfidence in crisis signalling, before turning to how emerging technologies are reshaping verification, command-and-control, and the broader governance of nuclear weapons. Stephen Herzog Dr Stephen Herzog  is Professor of the Practice at the James Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies at the Middlebury Institute of International Studies at Monterey and an Associate of the Project on Managing the Atom at Harvard Kennedy School. A leading specialist in nuclear non-proliferation and arms control, he combines academic expertise with policy experience gained as a technical nuclear arms control official at the U.S. Department of Energy, where he worked directly on the implementation and verification of nuclear agreements. His work bridges theory and practice to illuminate how deterrence, treaty regimes and technological change interact in shaping global nuclear security. Publications: Atomic Backfires: When Nuclear Policies Fail Artificial Intelligence and Nuclear Weapons Proliferation: The Technological Arms Race for (In)visibility ‘What about China?’ and the threat to US–Russian nuclear arms control Atomic responsiveness: How public opinion shapes elite beliefs an…","meta_description":"This episode of The IR thinker offers a clear and structured tour of contemporary nuclear strategy with Dr Stephen Herzog, moving from the bas…","key_points":[],"chapters":[],"topics":[],"duration_seconds":4302,"processing_state":"not_requested","actions":[{"name":"request_transcript","method":"POST","url":"https://stenobird.com/v1/public/podcasts/the-ir-thinker-6691770/episodes/contemporary-meaning-of-nuclear-weapons-stephen-herzog-2025-episode-27/transcription-requests","description":"Idempotently request low-priority transcript generation for this episode."},{"name":"read_markdown","method":"GET","url":"https://stenobird.com/podcast/the-ir-thinker-6691770/contemporary-meaning-of-nuclear-weapons-stephen-herzog-2025-episode-27.md","description":"Read the agent-friendly Markdown representation of this episode resource."}]}}