{"podcast":{"title":"Horns of a Dilemma","slug":"horns-of-a-dilemma-697116","podcast_index_feed_id":697116,"rss_url":"https://hornsofadilemma.libsyn.com/rss","website_url":"https://tnsr.org/","image_url":"https://static.libsyn.com/p/assets/6/3/9/c/639cb6edf8954b4be55e3c100dce7605/Horns_of_a_Dilemma_Updated_6.20.22.jpg","author":"Texas National Security Review","episode_count":307,"summary":"Brought to you by the Texas National Security Review, this podcast features lectures, interviews, and panel discussions at The University of Texas at Austin.","last_synced_at":"2026-07-22T06:20:01.571298+00:00","page_url":"https://stenobird.com/podcast/horns-of-a-dilemma-697116"},"episode":{"title":"The Democratization of Violence in the Greater Middle East","slug":"the-democratization-of-violence-in-the-greater-middle-east","published_at":"2025-12-02T21:26:00+00:00","page_url":"https://stenobird.com/podcast/horns-of-a-dilemma-697116/the-democratization-of-violence-in-the-greater-middle-east","show_page_url":"https://stenobird.com/podcast/horns-of-a-dilemma-697116","url":"https://hornsofadilemma.libsyn.com/the-democratization-of-violence-in-the-greater-middle-east","audio_url":"https://traffic.libsyn.com/clean/secure/hornsofadilemma/The_Democratization_of_Violence_in_the_Greater_Middle_East.m4a?dest-id=662418","summary":"Dr. Carter Malkasian joins us to explore how the \"democratization of violence\"—driven by the availability of assault rifles and explosives—empowered non-state actors and challenged state authority throughout the Cold War. The conversation also addresses the role of Islam in legitimizing non-state violence and how foreign intervention accelerated these trends. Malkasian's latest article, \"Wars of the Greater Middle East, 1945–92,\" is featured in TNSR Volume 9, Issue 1.","meta_description":"Dr. Carter Malkasian joins us to explore how the \"democratization of violence\"—driven by the availability of assault rifles and explosives—empowered non-s…","key_points":[],"chapters":[],"topics":[],"duration_seconds":2320,"processing_state":"not_requested","actions":[{"name":"request_transcript","method":"POST","url":"https://stenobird.com/v1/public/podcasts/horns-of-a-dilemma-697116/episodes/the-democratization-of-violence-in-the-greater-middle-east/transcription-requests","description":"Idempotently request low-priority transcript generation for this episode."},{"name":"read_markdown","method":"GET","url":"https://stenobird.com/podcast/horns-of-a-dilemma-697116/the-democratization-of-violence-in-the-greater-middle-east.md","description":"Read the agent-friendly Markdown representation of this episode resource."}]}}