{"podcast":{"title":"Citation Needed","slug":"citation-needed-8016","podcast_index_feed_id":8016,"rss_url":"https://citationpod.libsyn.com/rss","website_url":"http://citationpod.com","image_url":"https://static.libsyn.com/p/assets/b/d/7/0/bd700559fc94e371/CitationNeededLogo_1400x1400.png","author":"Citation Needed Media","episode_count":479,"summary":"The podcast where we choose a subject, read a single Wikipedia article about it, and pretend we're experts. Because this is the internet, and that's how it works now.","last_synced_at":null,"page_url":"https://stenobird.com/podcast/citation-needed-8016"},"episode":{"title":"Freedom House Ambulance Service & Bessie Coleman","slug":"freedom-house-ambulance-service-bessie-coleman","published_at":"2026-02-18T17:00:00+00:00","page_url":"https://stenobird.com/podcast/citation-needed-8016/freedom-house-ambulance-service-bessie-coleman","show_page_url":"https://stenobird.com/podcast/citation-needed-8016","url":"https://citationpod.libsyn.com/freedom-house-ambulance-service-bessie-coleman","audio_url":"https://dts.podtrac.com/redirect.mp3/pscrb.fm/rss/p/mgln.ai/e/35/clrtpod.com/m/arttrk.com/p/ARTS0/traffic.libsyn.com/secure/citationpod/cn462-WIDE.mp3?dest-id=518557","summary":"Freedom House Ambulance Service was the first emergency medical service in the United States to be staffed by paramedics with medical training beyond basic first aid. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Founded in 1967 to serve the predominantly Black Hill District of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania , it was staffed entirely by African Americans. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] Freedom House Ambulance Service broke medical ground by training its personnel to previously unheard-of standards of emergency medical care for patients en route to hospitals. [ 3 ] [ 5 ] [ 6 ] The paramedic training and ambulance design standards pioneered in the Freedom House Ambulance Service would set the standard for emergency care nationally and even internationally. [ 2 ] [ 5 ] Despite its successes, the ambulance service was closed eight years after it began operating. [ 5 ] Elizabeth Coleman (January 26, 1892 – April 30, 1926) [ 2 ] was an early American civil aviator . She was the first African-American woman and first Native American to hold a pilot license, [ 3 ] [ 4 ] [ 5 ] [ 6 ] [ 7 ] [ 8 ] [ 9 ] and is the earliest known Black person to earn an international pilot's license . [ 10 ] She earned her license from the Fédération Aéronautique Internationale on June 15, 1921. [ 5 ] [ 6 ] [ 11 ]","meta_description":"Freedom House Ambulance Service was the first emergency medical service in the United States to be staffed by paramedics with medical training beyond basi…","key_points":[],"chapters":[],"topics":[],"duration_seconds":2026,"processing_state":"not_requested","actions":[{"name":"request_transcript","method":"POST","url":"https://stenobird.com/v1/public/podcasts/citation-needed-8016/episodes/freedom-house-ambulance-service-bessie-coleman/transcription-requests","description":"Idempotently request low-priority transcript generation for this episode."},{"name":"read_markdown","method":"GET","url":"https://stenobird.com/podcast/citation-needed-8016/freedom-house-ambulance-service-bessie-coleman.md","description":"Read the agent-friendly Markdown representation of this episode resource."}]}}