{"podcast":{"title":"Big Brains","slug":"big-brains-1022699","podcast_index_feed_id":1022699,"rss_url":"https://feeds.simplecast.com/4FF7CAnQ","website_url":"https://big-brains.simplecast.com","image_url":"https://image.simplecastcdn.com/images/2e7c76ad-7ecc-479b-8749-f0cb2f4f2dc5/a6bb7391-0c19-412c-9235-27ca5edc6296/3000x3000/bigbrains-ucpn-logo-largebrain-multicolor-rgb-black-3000.jpg?aid=rss_feed","author":"University of Chicago Podcast Network","episode_count":222,"summary":"Big Brains explores the groundbreaking research and discoveries that are changing our world. In each episode, we talk to leading experts and unpack their work in straightforward terms. Interesting conversations that cover a gamut of topics from how music affects our brains to what happens after we die.","last_synced_at":"2026-06-26T00:19:41.185737+00:00","page_url":"https://stenobird.com/podcast/big-brains-1022699"},"episode":{"title":"Are Judges Too Powerful? The Rise of Universal Injunctions, with Samuel Bray","slug":"are-judges-too-powerful-the-rise-of-universal-injunctions-with-samuel-bray","published_at":"2026-03-19T12:00:00+00:00","page_url":"https://stenobird.com/podcast/big-brains-1022699/are-judges-too-powerful-the-rise-of-universal-injunctions-with-samuel-bray","show_page_url":"https://stenobird.com/podcast/big-brains-1022699","url":"https://big-brains.simplecast.com/episodes/are-judges-too-powerful-the-rise-of-universal-injunctions-NyKAIHgs","audio_url":"https://afp-920658-injected.calisto.simplecastaudio.com/b15505d2-a359-4f02-b0c3-b7602dbe79f1/episodes/85e0305b-2c70-4120-938d-de6f32df7615/audio/128/default.mp3?aid=rss_feed&awCollectionId=b15505d2-a359-4f02-b0c3-b7602dbe79f1&awEpisodeId=85e0305b-2c70-4120-938d-de6f32df7615&feed=4FF7CAnQ","summary":"In recent years, a judge in one state had gained the power to halt policies across the entire United States. Known as nationwide or universal injunctions, these actions have become one of the sweeping tools in the federal court—affecting cases ranging from student loan forgiveness to environmental policies to birthright citizenship. How did universal injunctions become such a central feature of modern constitutional battles? And should one judge really be able to block a policy for the entire country? In this episode, UChicago legal scholar Samuel Bray explains the history and legal debate behind such actions, including his research which was cited more than a dozen times in the 2025 Supreme Court case Trump v. Casa, which examined how courts use this remedy—and whether injunctions fit within the Constitution’s design.","meta_description":"In recent years, a judge in one state had gained the power to halt policies across the entire United States. Known as nationwide or universal injunctions,…","key_points":[],"chapters":[],"topics":[],"duration_seconds":2408,"processing_state":"not_requested","actions":[{"name":"request_transcript","method":"POST","url":"https://stenobird.com/v1/public/podcasts/big-brains-1022699/episodes/are-judges-too-powerful-the-rise-of-universal-injunctions-with-samuel-bray/transcription-requests","description":"Idempotently request low-priority transcript generation for this episode."},{"name":"read_markdown","method":"GET","url":"https://stenobird.com/podcast/big-brains-1022699/are-judges-too-powerful-the-rise-of-universal-injunctions-with-samuel-bray.md","description":"Read the agent-friendly Markdown representation of this episode resource."}]}}