# The First Fossil Puke: What It Reveals About Permian Predators

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Podcast: [The Fossil Files](https://stenobird.com/podcast/the-fossil-files-7375611)
Published: 2026-04-21T16:48:00+00:00
Episode link: https://a94020de-22e2-432b-af22-019fdb3026ee.libsyn.com/the-first-fossil-puke-what-it-reveals-about-permian-predators
Audio file: https://traffic.libsyn.com/secure/a94020de-22e2-432b-af22-019fdb3026ee/episode_29_sick_edited.m4a?dest-id=5062010
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Duration seconds: 1832

## Resource

Fossilised vomit can provide direct, yet disgusting, evidence of past ecosystems and interactions between long extinct organisms. This week we take a look at "the earliest terrestrial regurgitalite" from the early Permian of Germany. This prehistoric puke helps us to reconstruct who was eating what, including the Dimetrodon , the famous sail-backed synapsid. This week's paper is "Early Permian terrestrial apex predator regurgitalite indicates opportunistic feeding behaviour" by Arnaud Rebillard and colleagues, published in Scientific Reports in February 2026. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-025-02929-8 Another 'paper' we mention is "Unusual Arrangement of Bones at Ichthyosaur State Park in Nevada" by Mark McMenamin published in 21st Century Science & Technology in 2012 (no doi). Another that we mention but couldn't remember the title of was "Carboniferous recumbirostran elucidates the origins of terrestrial herbivory" by Arjun Mann and colleagues https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-025-02929-8 Wide screen art by Sophie Fernandez.

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