# Andrew Song: Global Cooling with Sulfur Dioxide in the Stratosphere — #91

Page: https://stenobird.com/podcast/manifold-4829537/andrew-song-global-cooling-with-sulfur-dioxide-in-the-stratosphere-91
Text version: https://stenobird.com/podcast/manifold-4829537/andrew-song-global-cooling-with-sulfur-dioxide-in-the-stratosphere-91.md
Podcast: [Manifold](https://stenobird.com/podcast/manifold-4829537)
Published: 2025-07-31T09:00:00+00:00
Episode link: https://share.transistor.fm/s/d5c1d950
Audio file: https://media.transistor.fm/d5c1d950/03ab4772.mp3
Processing state: not_requested
JSON: https://stenobird.com/v1/public/podcasts/manifold-4829537/episodes/andrew-song-global-cooling-with-sulfur-dioxide-in-the-stratosphere-91
Duration seconds: 3877

## Resource

Andrew Song is a co-founder of Make Sunsets, a company focused on addressing climate change through solar geoengineering. The company launches balloons filled with sulfur dioxide (SO2) into the stratosphere with the aim of reflecting sunlight to cool the Earth. https://makesunsets.com/ Previous Manifold episodes on climate: https://www.manifold1.com/episodes/casey-handmer-terraform-industries-and-a-carbon-neutral-future-57 https://www.manifold1.com/episodes/tim-palmer-status-and-future-of-climate-modeling-16 https://www.manifold1.com/episodes/klaus-lackner-on-carbon-capture-climate-change-and-physics-40 Steve and Andrew discuss: (00:00) - Introduction (01:35) - Andrew's Background and Swimming Career (06:37) - Journey into Startups and Y Combinator Experience (11:30) - Make Sunsets: Concept and Science (32:53) - Exploring Supersonic and Balloon-Based Solutions (33:45) - Environmental Concerns and Biodegradable Solutions (36:13) - Business Model and Cooling Credits (39:26) - Future Prospects and Climate Modeling Challenges Music used with permission from Blade Runner Blues Livestream improvisation by State Azure. – Steve Hsu is Professor of Theoretical Physics and of Computational Mathematics, Science, and Engineering at Michigan State University. Previously, he was Senior Vice President for Research and Innovation at MSU and Director of the Institute of Theoretical Science at the University of Oregon. Hsu is a startup founder (SuperFocus.ai, SafeWeb, Genomic Prediction, Othram) and advisor to venture capital and other investment firms. He was educated at Caltech and Berkeley, was a Harvard Junior Fellow, and has held faculty positions at Yale, the University of Oregon, and MSU. Please send any questions or suggestions to manifold1podcast@gmail.com or Steve on X @hsu_st…

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